The European Central Bank (ECB) is expected to begin a series of four consecutive 25-basis-point interest rate hikes from June, according to economists Eek-Nielsen and von Gerich. Persistent inflation and a tight labor market are seen keeping pressure on policymakers to tighten further.
Core inflation and labor market underpin the call
The economists’ research points to core inflation running above the ECB’s 2% target for more than four years, alongside a resilient economic backdrop and a euro area unemployment rate of 6.2% in February 2026. They argue that these domestic conditions justify a more restrictive stance, even in the absence of fresh external shocks.
Their forecast update was completed before the recently announced ceasefire in the Middle East. While they acknowledge that the ceasefire reduces the risk of additional inflationary pressure from energy markets, they still see the projected rate path as plausible, driven mainly by existing price dynamics already in place before the conflict.
Latest data show inflation reaccelerating
The hawkish outlook is reinforced by the latest price figures. Annual inflation in the euro area rose to 2.6% in March 2026, up from 1.9% in February, largely due to a rebound in energy prices. Energy recorded its first annual gain in nearly a year as geopolitical tensions pushed up oil costs.
Core inflation, which strips out volatile food and energy components, stood at 2.3% in March, remaining above target. For the economists, this stickiness is the key concern, as it suggests inflation is broad-based and embedded, rather than driven solely by temporary energy spikes.
ECB signals point to June, not April
Members of the ECB’s Governing Council have been stressing the need for flexibility ahead of the next policy meeting. Council member François Villeroy de Galhau said a discussion of rate hikes in April would be “premature,” directing attention toward the summer instead.
This communication matches current market pricing, which implies roughly a 70% probability of a rate increase in June. Economists see June as the more realistic starting point for policy tightening, with April widely viewed as too early for a shift.
Long-end yields may face further upward pressure
Over the medium term, Eek-Nielsen and von Gerich expect resilient growth expectations and rising term premia to push long-end yields higher. They stress that this outlook does not rely on further geopolitical escalation; domestic inflation forces alone, particularly wage growth in a tight labor market, are seen as sufficient to keep pressure on yields.
The 10-year euro area central government bond par yield stood at 3.46% on April 13, 2026, reflecting an environment where traders are already demanding higher compensation for holding longer-dated debt.
Implications for bond markets and risk assets
A path of multiple rate hikes would raise the appeal of interest-bearing sovereign debt compared with assets that offer no yield. Higher policy rates and rising bond yields typically increase the cost of borrowing and can draw capital away from more speculative segments of the market and toward securities with more predictable returns.
With yields moving higher and the ECB leaning toward a more restrictive stance, assets that have relied on ultra-low rates and abundant liquidity face strengthening headwinds as the euro area shifts into a firmer tightening cycle.
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